Conceptualising an inclusive approach to student voice in higher education
A heuristic inquiry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v9i2.5870Keywords:
Student as Partners, Student Voice, Diverse Learner Needs, Higher Education, Heuristic InquiryAbstract
Higher education seeks the student voice through various approaches. However, including students with diverse learner needs (DLN) in these approaches poses challenges when hierarchy is present. Through self-reflection and collaboration with co-researchers, I engaged in heuristic inquiry to develop a framework for engaging in an inclusive approach to gathering student voice. Nine co-researchers completed 14 individual conversational interviews with me to discuss their student voice experiences in higher education. Five key themes emerged: (1) needing a trauma-informed safe space to regulate emotions, (2) removing judgement through implementing trauma-informed practice, (3) embracing understanding and representation to enable authentic interaction, (4) removing fear by humanising those in positions of power, and (5) needing choice and autonomy. These themes demonstrated DLN students’ desire to cease masking and become more autonomous and authentic in their experiences, thereby moving toward partnership approaches. Drawing on these themes, I an inclusive student voice (ISV) approach and recommendations for practice.
Downloads
References
Alcoff, L. (1991). The problem of speaking for others. Cultural Critique, 20, 5–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/1354221
Austin, D. (2001). In search of the self: The use of vocal holding techniques with adults traumatized as children. Music Therapy Perspectives, 19(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/19.1.22
Australian Council for Student Voice. (2024). Inclusive student voice toolkit. https://arc.educationapps.vic.gov.au/learning/resource/DHJ2DQ/inclusive-student-voice-toolkit
Ashton-Hay., S. & Williams, D. (2023). What student voice is and is not: Connecting dialogue to evidence-based practice and inclusive mindsets. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.6.1
Barber, J. P., King, P. M., & Baxter Magolda, M. B. (2013). Long strides on the journey toward self-authorship: Substantial developmental shifts in college students’ meaning making. The Journal of Higher Education, 84(6), 866–896. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2013.11777313
Baroutsis, A., McGregor, G., & Mills, M. (2016). Pedagogic voice: Student voice in teaching and engagement pedagogies. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 24(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2015.1087044
Batchelor, D. (2014). Finding a voice as a student. In P. Gibbs & R. Barnett (Eds.), Thinking about higher education (pp. 158–174). Springer International Publisher.
Batchelor, D. C. (2006). Vulnerable voices: An examination of the concept of vulnerability in relation to student voice. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 38(6), 787–800. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2006.00231.x
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1999a). Creating contexts for learning and self-authorship: Constructive-developmental pedagogy (1st ed). Vanderbilt University Press.
Baxter Magolda, M. (1999b). Constructing adult identities. Journal of College Student Development, 40(6), 629–644.
Baxter Magolda, M. B., & King, P. M. (Eds.). (2012). Assessing meaning making and self-authorship: Theory, research, and application. Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Jossey-Bass.
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (2001). Making their own way: Narratives for transforming higher education to promote self-development (1st ed.). Stylus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003445883
Bennett, R., & Kane, S. (2014). Students’ interpretations of the meanings of questionnaire items in the National Student Survey. Quality in Higher Education, 20(2), 129–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2014.924786
Bovill, C. (2020). Co-creating learning and teaching: Towards relational pedagogy in higher education. Critical Publishing Ltd.
Bovill, C., & Bulley, C. (2011). A model of active student participation in curriculum design: Exploring desirability and possibility. In C. Rust. (Ed.), Improving student learning global theories and local practices: Institutional, disciplinary and cultural variations (pp. 176–188). The Oxford Centre for Staff and Educational Development.
Bovill, C., Cook-Sather, A., Felten, P., Millard, L., & Moore-Cherry, N. (2016). Addressing potential challenges in co-creating learning and teaching: Overcoming resistance, navigating institutional norms and ensuring inclusivity in student–staff partnerships. Higher Education, 71(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9896-4
Brown, K., de Bie, A., Aggarwal, A., Joslin, R., Williams-Habibi, S. & Sivanesanathan, V. (2020). Students with disabilities as partners: A case study on user testing an accessibility website. International Journal for Students as Partners, 4(2), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v4i2.4051
Buber, M. (2010). I and thou (R. G. Smith, Trans., original work published 1937). Martino Publishing.
Byrne, G. (2017). Narrative inquiry and the problem of representation: “Giving voice”, making meaning. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 40(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1034097
Cahill, J., Bowyer, J., & Murray, S. (2014). An exploration of undergraduate students’ views on the effectiveness of academic and pastoral support. Educational Research, 56(4), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2014.965568
Canning, J. (2017). Conceptualising student voice in UK higher education: Four theoretical lenses. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(5), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1273207
Carey, P. (2013a). Representation and student engagement in higher education: A reflection on the views and experiences of course representatives. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 37(1), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2011.644775
Carey, P. (2013b). Student engagement: Stakeholder perspectives on course representation in university governance. Studies in Higher Education, 38(9), 1290–1304. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.621022
Carpenter, A. M., & Peña, E. V. (2017). Self-authorship among first-generation undergraduate students: A qualitative study of experiences and catalysts. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 10(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040026
Choi, B. (2021). I’m afraid of not succeeding in learning: Introducing an instrument to measure higher education students’ fear of failure in learning. Studies in Higher Education, 46(11), 2107–2121. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1712691
Clapton, N. E., Williams, J., Griffith, G. M., & Jones, R. S. (2018). ‘Finding the person you really are … on the inside’: Compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(2), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629516688581
Clark, T. (2020). The 4 stages of psychological safety: Defining the path to inclusion and innovation. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Clegg, S. (2011). Cultural capital and agency: Connecting critique and curriculum in higher education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 32(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2011.527723
Cook‐Sather, A. (2009). From traditional accountability to shared responsibility: The benefits and challenges of student consultants gathering midcourse feedback in college classrooms. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(2), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930801956042
Cook-Sather, A. (2020). Respecting voices: How the co-creation of teaching and learning can support academic staff, underrepresented students, and equitable practices. Higher Education, 79(5), 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00445-w
Cook-Sather, A. (2022). Co-creating equitable teaching and learning: Structuring student voice into higher education. Harvard Education Press.
Cook-Sather, A. (2023). Reciprocal teaching and learning through student-faculty pedagogical partnership. International Encyclopedia of Education (4th ed.), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818630-5.02027-3
Cook-Sather, A., & Cook-Sather, M. (2023). From reporting to removing barriers: Towards transforming accommodation culture into equity culture. Education Sciences, 13(6), 611. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/13/6/611
Cook-Sather, A., Bovill, C., & Felten, P. (2014). Engaging students as partners in learning and teaching: A guide for faculty. Jossey-Bass.
Cook-Sather, A., Des-Ogugua, C., & Bahti, M. (2018). Articulating identities and analyzing belonging: A multistep intervention that affirms and informs a diversity of students. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(3), 374–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1391201
Cook‐Sather, A., Krishna Prasad, S., Marquis, E., & Ntem, A. (2019). Mobilizing a culture shift on campus: Underrepresented students as educational developers. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2019(159), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20345
Cook-Sather, A. & Graham, E. (2023). Student leadership: Working within, between, and against institutional structures in education. In Woods, P., Roberts, A., Tian, M. & Youngs, H (Eds.), Handbook on Leadership in Education (pp. 102 – 114). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800880429.00014
Cook-Sather, A., & Motz-Storey, D. (2016). Viewing teaching and learning from a new angle: Student consultants’ perspectives on classroom practice. College Teaching, 64(4), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1126802
De Bie, A. (2020). Respectfully distrusting ‘students as partners’ practice in higher education: Applying a Mad politics of partnership. Teaching in Higher Education, 27(6), 717–737. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1736023
De Bie, A., Marquis, E., Cook-Sather, A., & Luqueño, L. P. (2021). Promoting equity and justice through pedagogical partnership (1st ed.). Stylus Publishing, LLC.; Elon University Center for Engaged Learning.
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. (2011). Higher education white paper—Students at the heart of the system (Ref: BIS/12/890). GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/higher-education-white-paper-students-at-the-heart-of-the-system
Djuraskovic, I., & Arthur, N. (2010). Heuristic inquiry: A personal journey of acculturation and identity reconstruction. The Qualitative Report, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2010.1361
Douglass, B. G., & Moustakas, C. (1985). Heuristic inquiry: The internal search to know. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 25(3), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167885253004
Dollinger, M., & Hanna, L. (2023). Students with disabilities mentoring staff: Supporting scalable academic development for inclusive education. International Journal for Academic Development, 30(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2023.2262968
Dollinger, M., Ajjawi, R., Finneran, R., & O’Shea, S. (2023). Conceptualising responsibility and hostility within work-integrated learning placements for students with disabilities. Disability and Society, 39(9), 2217–2235. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2023.2209276
Du Toit, N., & Naudé, L. (2020). Toward self-authorship: Postgraduate psychology students’ meaning-making journeys. Journal of College Student Development, 61(1), 84–102. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2020.0005
Felten, P., Abbot, S., Kirkwood, J., Long, A., Lubicz-Nawrocka, T., Mercer-Mapstone, L., & Verwoord, R. (2019). Reimagining the place of students in academic development. International Journal for Academic Development, 24(2), 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2019.1594235
Fricker, M. (2010). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing (Repr). Oxford University Press.
Gendlin, E. T. (2003). Focusing. Rider.
Gibson, S. (2015). When rights are not enough: What is? Moving towards new pedagogy for inclusive education within UK universities. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(8), 875–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2015.1015177
Gibson, S., Willians-Brown, Z., Shute, J., & Westander, M. (2023). Not hearing, not engaging, not happening: Elusive inclusive higher education, it is time to reconsider sector practices in partnership with disabled student expertise. The Journal of Inclusive Practice in Further and Higher Education, 15(1), 48–74.
Gillett-Swan, J. K., Willis, J., & Miles, P. (2025). Student wellbeing in vertical schools: A multilayered student voice approach for inclusion and influence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 52, 1345–1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00765-6
Haertl, K. (2014). Writing and the development of the self- heuristic inquiry: A unique way of exploring the power of the written word. Journal of Poetry Therapy, 27(2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2014.895488
Hall, V. (2017). A tale of two narratives: Student voice—what lies before us? Oxford Review of Education, 43(2), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2016.1264379
Hiles, D. (2001). Heuristic inquiry. Psy.dmu.ac.uk. http://psy.dmu.ac.uk/drhiles/HIpaper.htm
Healey, M., Flint, A., & Harrington, K. (2014). Engagement through partnership: Students as partners in learning and teaching in higher education. AdvanceHE. Engagement through partnership: students as partners in learning and teaching in higher education | Advance HE (advance-he.ac.uk)
Holligan, C., & Shah, Q. (2017). Global capitalism’s trojan horse: Consumer power and the national student survey in England. Power and Education, 9(2), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757743817701159
Hockings, C. (2011). Hearing voices, creating spaces: The craft of the ‘artisan teacher’ in a mass higher education system. Critical Studies in Education, 52(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2011.572831
Hughes, S., Laidlow, R., Booth-Carey, J., & Turnbull, E. (2024). Student inclusion consultants and their role within higher education facilities: Exploring student voice of underrepresented students and the changes they can make in higher education. Student Engagement in Higher Education Journal, 5(2), 8–12. https://sehej.raise-network.com/raise/article/view/1230
Huxtable, C., & Solomon, M. (2020). Breathing and relating: Exploring a therapist’s heuristic experience. Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, 15(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2020.1813808
Jenkin, E., Cross, J., Germaine, D., Wilson, E., Murfitt, K., & Campain, R. (2021). Inclusive student voice tool kit. Department of Education and Training, Victoria. https://www.vic.gov.au/student-voice#inclusive-student-voice-toolkit
Jourard, S. M. (1968). Disclosing man to himself. Van Nostrand.
Jourard, S. M., & Friedman, R. (1970). Experimenter-subject “distance” and self-disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15(3), 278–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029388
Jung, C. G. (2004). Four archetypes: Mother, rebirth, spirit, trickster (Trans. R. F. C. Hull, original work published 1972). Routledge.
Jung, C. G. (2010). Psychology and alchemy. In H. Read, M. Fordham, G. Adler, & W. McGuire, Eds., The Collected Works of C. G. Jung (R. F. C. Hull, Trans., original work published 1953). Routledge.
Jung, C. G. (2014). Psychological types (R. F. C. Hull, Trans., original work published 1971). Routledge.
Jung, C. G. (2014). The archetypes and the collective consciousness. In H. Read, M. Fordham, G. Adler, & W. McGuire, Eds., The Collected Works of C. G. Jung. (R. F. C. Hull, Trans., 2nd. ed., original work published 1959). Routledge.
Kalsched, D. E. (2017). Trauma, innocence and the core complex of dissociation. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 62(4), 474–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5922.12333
Kegan, R. (1994). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life (4th ed). Harvard University Press.
Kehler, A., Verwood, R., & Smith, H. (2017). We are the process: Reflections on the underestimation of power in students as partners in practice. International Journal for Students as Partners, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v1i1.3176
Koro-Ljungberg, M. (2007). ‘Democracy to come’: A personal narrative of pedagogical practices and ‘othering’ within a context of higher education and research training. Teaching in Higher Education, 12(5–6), 735–747. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510701596331
Kreber, C. (2013). Authenticity in and through teaching in higher education: The transformative potential of the scholarship of teaching. Routledge.
Kumar, S. (2017). My dissertation healed me: A retrospective analysis through heuristic inquiry. The Qualitative Report, 22(11), 3025-3038. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.3051
Lerer, N., & Talley, K. (2010). National Survey of Student Engagement’s (Nsse) benchmarks – One size fits all? On the Horizon, 18(4), 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748121011082653
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K. (2009). Student participation in university governance: The role conceptions and sense of efficacy of student representatives on departmental committees. Studies in Higher Education, 34(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802602000
Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outside: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press.
Luescher-Mamashela, T. M. (2013). Student representation in university decision making: Good reasons, a new lens? Studies in Higher Education, 38(10), 1442–1456. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.625496
Lygo-Baker, S., Kinchin, I., & Winstone, N. (2019). The single voice fallacy. In S. Lygo-Baker, I. Kinchin, & N. Winstone (Eds.), Engaging students voices in higher education (pp. 1–15). Palgrave Macmillian.
Maack, D. J., Buchanan, E., & Young, J. (2015). Development and psychometric investigation of an inventory to assess fight, flight, and freeze tendencies: The fight, flight, freeze questionnaire. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 44(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.972443
Mann, S. J. (2001). Alternative perspectives on the student experience: Alienation and engagement. Studies in Higher Education, 26(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070020030689
Maté, G., & Maté, D. (2022). The myth of normal: Illness, health and healing in a toxic culture. Vermilion.
Matthews, K. E. (2017). Five propositions for genuine students as partners practice. International Journal for Students as Partners, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v1i2.3315
Matthews, K. E., & Dollinger, M. (2023). Student voice in higher education: The importance of distinguishing student representation and student partnership. Higher Education, 85, 555–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00851-7
McChlery, S., & Wilkie, J. (2009). Pastoral support to undergraduates in higher education. The International Journal of Management Education, 8(1), 23–36. https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/pastoral-support-to-undergraduates-in-higher-education
McNulty, M. A. (2003). Dyslexia and the life course. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36(4), 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194030360040701
Mercer-Mapstone, L., Islam, M., & Reid, T. (2021). Are we just engaging ‘the usual suspects’? Challenges in and practical strategies for supporting equity and diversity in student–staff partnership initiatives. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(2), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1655396
Messiou, K. (2019). The missing voices: Students as a catalyst for promoting inclusive education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 23(7–8), 768–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1623326
Mihalache, G. (2019). Heuristic inquiry: Differentiated from descriptive phenomenology and aligned with transpersonal research methods. The Humanistic Psychologist, 47(2), 136–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000125
Moustakas, C. E. (1990). Heuristic research: Design, methodology, and applications. Sage Publications.
Norton, L. M. (2017). Pathways of reflection: Creating voice through life story and dialogical poetry. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.17169/FQS-18.1.2516
Nussbaum, M. C. (2004). Hiding from humanity: Disgust, shame, and the law. Princeton University Press.
Ockuly, M. D. (2019). Reimagining the way the lived experience of creativity is defined, inspired, and encouraged in the 21st century: A creativity practitioner/educator’s heuristic inquiry. [Doctoral Dissertations, Saybrook University]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334286254_REIMAGINING_THE_WAY_THE_LIVED_EXPERIENCE_OF_CREATIVITY_IS_DEFINED_INSPIRED_AND_ENCOURAGED_IN_THE_21_ST_CENTURY_A_CREATIVITY_PRACTITIONEREDUCATOR'S_HEURISTIC_INQUIRY
O'Connor, C. (2023). Will neurodivergent teachers and students ever unmask? Language Arts, 100(5), 383–387. https://doi.org/10.58680/la202332407
Perry, W. G. (1999). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme (Original work published in 1970). Jossey-Bass.
Pizzolato, J. E., & Olson, A. B. (2016). Exploring the relationship between the three dimensions of self-authorship. Journal of College Student Development, 57(4), 411–427. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0052
Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. The University of Chicago Press.
Polanyi, M., & Grene, M. (1969). Knowing and being. The University of Chicago Press.
Porter, S. R., & Umbach, P. D. (2006). Student survey response rates across institutions: Why do they vary? Research in Higher Education, 47(2), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-005-8887-1
Punch, K. F. (2014). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
Richards, H. J., Benson, V., Donnelly, N., & Hadwin, J. A. (2014). Exploring the function of selective attention and hypervigilance for threat in anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.006
Ristad, T., Witsø, A. E., Horghagen, S., Kvam, L., & Østvik, J. (2024). Studying disability: A multi-stakeholder perspective on requesting accommodation in higher education. Social Sciences, 13(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030154
Robinson, C., & Taylor, C. (2007). Theorizing student voice: Values and perspectives. Improving Schools, 10(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480207073702
Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Constable.
Rogers, C. R. (1995). A way of being (Original work published 1980). Houghton Mifflin Co.
Samuels-Peretz, D., & Powers, J. (2014). Documentation and universal instructional design: A partnership supporting diverse learners in higher education. The New Educator, 10(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2014.868222
Seale, J. (2010). Doing student voice work in higher education: An exploration of the value of participatory methods. British Educational Research Journal, 36(6), 995–1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903342038
Seale, J. (2016). How can we confidently judge the extent to which student voice in higher education has been genuinely amplified? A proposal for a new evaluation framework. Research Papers in Education, 31(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2015.1027726
Seale, J., Gibson, S., Haynes, J., & Potter, A. (2015). Power and resistance: Reflections on the rhetoric and reality of using participatory methods to promote student voice and engagement in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 39(4), 534–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2014.938264
Sela-Smith, S. (2002). Heuristic research: A review and critique of Moustakas’s method. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(3), 53–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802423004
Schley, S. & Marchetti, C. (2022). Moving access to inclusion by making communication a priority: An inclusion mindset. Journal of Educational Innovation, Partnership and Change, 8(2). https://journals.studentengagement.org.uk/index.php/studentchangeagents/article/view/1133
State Government of Victoria. (2024). Student voice and disability inclusion. https://www.vic.gov.au/student-voice
Sultan, N. (2016). Embodiment and the therapeutic relationship: Findings from a heuristic inquiry. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 56(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/johc.12052
Sultan, N. (2019). Heuristic inquiry: Researching human experience holistically. Sage.
Sun, X., & Holt, D. (2022). Student engagement and voice in higher education: Students’ perceptions. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 23. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi23.838
Thiel, J. (2019). The UK National Student Survey: An amalgam of discipline and neo‐liberal governmentality. British Educational Research Journal, 45(3), 538–553. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3512
Thomas, G. (2017). How to do your research project: A guide for students. (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
Toshalis, E., & Nakkula, M. (2012). Motivation, engagement, and student voice: Toolkit. Students at the Center and Jobs for the Future. https://docslib.org/doc/611671/toshalis-nakkula-motivation-engagement-and-student-voice
Turner, J. C., Midgley, C., Meyer, D. K., Gheen, M., Anderman, E. M., Kang, Y., & Patrick, H. (2002). The classroom environment and students’ reports of avoidance strategies in mathematics: A multimethod study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.1.88
United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). (2014). SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. SAMHA’s Trauma and Justice Strategic Initiative. https://store.samhsa.gov/product/SAMHSA-s-Concept-of-Trauma-and-Guidance-for-a-Trauma-Informed-Approach/SMA14-4884.html.
Walsh, C., Larsen, C., & Parry, D. (2009). Academic tutors at the frontline of student support in a cohort of students succeeding in higher education. Educational Studies, 35(4), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690902876438
Wermes, R., Lincoln, T. M., & Helbig-Lang, S. (2018). Anxious and alert? Hypervigilance in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Research, 269, 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.086
Williamson, M. (2013). Guidance on the development and implementation of a student partnership agreement in universities. www.sparqs.ac.uk/institute.php? page=128
Wessing, I., Romer, G., & Junghöfer, M. (2017). Hypervigilance‐avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: Magnetoencephalographic evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12617
Brennan, J., Brighton, R., Moon, N., Rindl, J., Williams, R. (2003). Collecting and using student feedback on quality and standards of learning and teaching in higher education: A report to the Higher Education Funding Council of England (HEFCE). Centre for Higher Education Research and Information (Open University), NOP Research Group, and SQW Ltd. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/4988/1/rd08_03.pdf
Winstone, N. E., Ajjawi, R., Dirkx, K., & Boud, D. (2021). Measuring what matters: The positioning of students in feedback processes within national student satisfaction surveys. Studies in Higher Education, 47(7), 1524–1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1916909
Young, H., & Jerome, L. (2020). Student voice in higher education: Opening the loop. British Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 688–705. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3603
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anastasia Kennett

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process - this applies to the submitted, accepted, and published versions of the manuscript. This can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).